Echocardiogram

What is an Echocardiogram?

An echocardiogram is a noninvasive imaging test that uses sound waves to create pictures of the heart. It allows doctors to see the heart’s structure and evaluate how well it is working. An echocardiogram shows the size and shape of the heart, how the heart chambers and valves function, and how blood flows through the heart.

This test is commonly used to diagnose, monitor, or manage heart conditions. It does not involve radiation and is considered safe for patients of all ages. Echocardiograms are often performed in an outpatient setting and usually take 30 to 60 minutes to complete.

Why an Echocardiogram is performed?

An echocardiogram may be ordered to evaluate symptoms such as shortness of breath, chest pain, dizziness, fainting, or swelling in the legs. It is also used to assess known or suspected heart conditions.

Common reasons for an echocardiogram include evaluating heart valve disease, heart muscle function, congenital (present at birth) heart defects, heart failure, or damage after a heart attack. It may also be used to monitor how well treatments or medications are working.

Types of Echocardiograms

The most common type is a transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE), in which a transducer is placed on the chest to obtain images of the heart. This is the standard and least invasive form of the test. A transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE), where a specialized probe is passed down the esophagus, may be performed to obtain more detailed images. A stress echocardiogram may be ordered to evaluate heart function before and after exercise or medication-induced stress. Your provider will determine which type is most appropriate for your situation.

What to expect during the test

During a transthoracic echocardiogram, you will lie on an exam table while a sonographer places gel on your chest and moves a handheld device over your skin. The gel helps transmit sound waves and does not stain clothing. You may be asked to change positions or briefly hold your breath to improve image quality.

The test is painless, though you may feel mild pressure from the transducer. You can usually return to normal activities immediately after the exam. If you are having a transesophageal or stress echocardiogram, your provider will give you specific instructions beforehand.

Results and interpretation

A cardiologist or trained valve specialist reviews the images and prepares a report. Results may show normal heart structure and function or identify abnormalities such as weakened heart muscle, leaky or narrowed valves, fluid around the heart, or abnormal blood flow.

Your healthcare provider will discuss the results with you and explain what they mean for your health. Depending on the findings, additional testing, treatment, or follow-up imaging may be recommended.

Risks and safety

Echocardiograms are safe and have no known long-term risks. Standard transthoracic echocardiograms do not involve radiation. Some specialized echocardiograms, such as transesophageal or stress echocardiograms, carry small risks that your provider will discuss with you in advance.

If you have questions or concerns about your echocardiogram, talk with your healthcare provider. They can help you understand why the test is being performed and what to expect from your results.