Heart Stenting

June 1, 2023

Heart stenting, also known as coronary stenting or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat narrowed or blocked coronary arteries.

Heart stenting is performed to treat coronary artery disease (CAD), which occurs when the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart become narrowed or blocked due to the buildup of plaque. Stenting involves the use of a catheter with a deflated balloon and a stent. The stent is placed in the blocked artery and expanded, effectively widening the vessel and restoring blood flow.

 

Treatment

The primary purpose of heart stenting is to alleviate symptoms of CAD, such as chest pain (angina), and to improve blood flow to the heart muscle. Stenting can also be used as an emergency treatment during a heart attack to quickly open a blocked artery and restore blood flow.

 

Before the Procedure

Before the stenting procedure, your physician will evaluate your medical history, perform a physical examination, and conduct relevant diagnostic tests, such as an electrocardiogram (ECG), stress test, or angiography. You may be advised to stop certain medications before the procedure and will be given instructions regarding fasting or dietary restrictions.

 

During the Procedure

The heart stenting procedure generally involves the following steps:

  • Anesthesia: Local anesthesia is administered to numb the area where the catheter will be inserted. In some cases, mild sedation may be used to help you relax.
  • Catheter insertion: A catheter is inserted through a small incision, usually in the groin or wrist, and guided through the blood vessels to reach the blocked coronary artery.
  • Balloon inflation and stent placement: A deflated balloon attached to the catheter is positioned at the site of the blockage and inflated, compressing the plaque against the artery walls. The stent, which is mounted on the deflated balloon, is then expanded and permanently placed within the artery, providing structural support to keep it open.
  • Balloon deflation and catheter removal: After the stent is in place, the balloon is deflated, and the catheter is carefully removed. Incisions are then closed and a small bandage is placed at the incision site.

 

After the Procedure

After heart stenting, you will be closely monitored in a recovery area for a period of time, typically a few hours. Vital signs, including blood pressure and heart rate, will be checked regularly. Your physician may prescribe medications to prevent blood clots, lower cholesterol, or manage other underlying conditions. You will receive instructions for post-procedure care, including wound care, physical activity restrictions, and follow-up appointments.

 

Advantages

  • Restores blood flow: Stenting helps reopen blocked arteries and improves blood flow to the heart, relieving symptoms of angina and reducing the risk of complications associated with reduced blood supply.
  • Minimally invasive: Compared to traditional open-heart surgery, stenting is a minimally invasive procedure with smaller incisions, shorter hospital stays, faster recovery time, and lower risk of complications.

 

Risks and Complications

While heart stenting is generally considered safe, there are potential risks and complications associated with the procedure. These may include:

  • Bleeding or hematoma at the insertion site
  • Infection
  • Blood vessel damage or dissection
  • Blood clots forming inside the stent (stent thrombosis)
  • Allergic reactions to contrast dye
  • Kidney damage from contrast dye
  • Arrhythmias or irregular heart rhythms
  • Heart attack or stroke (rare)

 

Typical Recovery Time

The recovery time after heart stenting can vary depending on individual factors and the complexity of the procedure. In general, most individuals can expect to stay in the hospital for a day or two. Full recovery may take a few days to a week, during which time you may be advised to limit physical activities and follow any prescribed medications or lifestyle modifications.

 

Results and Post-Procedure Care

Following heart stenting, many individuals experience significant improvement in their symptoms, such as reduced chest pain and improved exercise tolerance. It’s important to adhere to post-procedure care instructions provided by your healthcare team, which may include:

  • Taking prescribed medications, such as antiplatelet drugs (e.g., aspirin) and cholesterol-lowering medications.
  • Following a heart-healthy diet and maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise and smoking cessation.
  • Attending follow-up appointments with your cardiologist for monitoring and necessary tests, such as angiograms, to evaluate the stent’s performance.

 

If you have specific concerns about a procedure or your health, please consult a physician.