Annuloplasty

Annuloplasty is a surgical procedure performed to repair or reshape the mitral valve’s annulus, which is the ring-like structure that supports the valve in the heart. The procedure aims to restore proper valve function, improve blood flow, and address conditions such as mitral valve regurgitation (leakage).

 

Treatments

Annuloplasty is a treatment option for mitral valve regurgitation. Other treatment options may include medication management, lifestyle modifications, or mitral valve replacement.

 

Why it’s needed

Annuloplasty is needed to:

  • Correct mitral valve regurgitation, where blood leaks backward into the left atrium instead of flowing forward into the left ventricle.
  • Improve the efficiency of the heart’s pumping function.
  • Relieve symptoms associated with mitral valve regurgitation, such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and swelling.

 

Before the procedure

Preparing for annuloplasty may include:

  • Comprehensive medical evaluation, including imaging tests and blood work.
  • Discussion with your healthcare team about the procedure, potential risks, and benefits.
  • Fasting for a specific period before the procedure.
  • Temporary discontinuation or adjustment of certain medications, as advised by your doctor.
  • Arranging transportation to and from the hospital.

 

During the procedure

During annuloplasty:

  • General anesthesia will be administered to ensure you are unconscious and pain-free throughout the surgery.
  • An incision is made in the chest to access the heart.
  • The surgeon carefully inspects and repairs the mitral valve’s annulus.
  • The annuloplasty ring or band is placed around the valve’s annulus to provide support and reshape it.
  • The surgeon tests the valve’s function to ensure proper sealing and blood flow.
  • Once the repair is complete, the incision is closed, and drains may be placed to remove excess fluid.

 

After the procedure

After annuloplasty:

  • You will be transferred to an intensive care unit (ICU) for close monitoring.
  • The healthcare team will closely monitor your heart function, blood pressure, vital signs, and the integrity of the repaired mitral valve.
  • Pain management, wound care, and medication to control blood pressure will be provided.
  • Physical therapy may be initiated to promote mobility and recovery.

 

Risks

Annuloplasty carries risks and potential complications, including:

  • Bleeding or hematoma at the surgical site.
  • Blood clot formation.
  • Damage to surrounding structures, such as blood vessels or the heart itself.
  • Stroke or neurological complications.
  • Heart rhythm disturbances.
  • Kidney damage.
  • Lung complications.
  • Valve-related complications, such as valve dysfunction or re-regurgitation.
  • Death (although rare).

 

Typical recovery time

Recovery time after annuloplasty varies depending on the extent of the procedure, individual factors, and any complications that may arise. Typically, patients who have had minimally invasive annuloplasty return home in one or two days following surgery. However, it can range from several weeks to a few months to fully recover and return to normal activities.

 

Results and post-procedure care

  • Follow your healthcare team’s instructions regarding medications, wound care, and physical activity.
  • Attend all recommended follow-up appointments for monitoring and evaluation.
  • Report any concerning symptoms or complications promptly.
  • Long-term management may include medication management, regular check-ups, and lifestyle modifications to maintain heart health.