Congenital Aortic Stenosis

Congenital aortic stenosis is a heart valve disorder characterized by the narrowing of the aortic valve, which obstructs the flow of blood from the heart’s left ventricle to the aorta. This condition reduces the amount of oxygen-rich blood that reaches the body’s organs and tissues. 

 

Symptoms

In the early stages, aortic stenosis may not cause noticeable symptoms. However, as the condition progresses, symptoms can include:

  • Shortness of breath, especially during exertion or when lying flat
  • Chest pain or discomfort (angina), often during physical activity
  • Fatigue or weakness, particularly with exertion
  • Fainting or dizziness, especially with exertion
  • Heart palpitations or irregular heartbeat

 

Diagnosis

To diagnose congenital aortic stenosis, the following tests may be performed:

  • Physical examination: Your doctor will listen to your heart using a stethoscope to detect abnormal heart sounds, such as a heart murmur.
  • Echocardiogram: This ultrasound test allows visualization of the heart’s structure and function, including the aortic valve.
  • Electrocardiogram (ECG): This test records the electrical activity of the heart to check for any abnormal rhythms or patterns.
  • Cardiac catheterization: This invasive procedure involves threading a thin tube (catheter) through a blood vessel to measure pressure and evaluate the severity of the stenosis.

 

Treatment

The treatment for congenital aortic stenosis depends on the severity of the condition and the presence of symptoms. Treatment options may include:

  • Medications: Medications can help manage symptoms and associated conditions, such as high blood pressure or heart failure, but they do not cure aortic stenosis.
  • Valve procedures: For severe aortic stenosis, surgical intervention or a less invasive transcatheter aortic valve procedures (balloon valvuloplasty or replacement) may be recommended.
  • Regular monitoring: For asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic cases, regular monitoring of the condition may be appropriate.

 

When to consult a physician

Congenital aortic stenosis patients should be monitored life long, even without symptoms.  Our ACHD team can evaluate your symptoms, perform appropriate tests, and provide personalized advice and treatment options.