Congenital Mitral Valve Stenosis

Congenital Mitral valve stenosis is a condition characterized by the narrowing or tightening of the mitral valve, which is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle of the heart.  This can be an isolated condition or can be more commonly seen in Shone’s syndrome.

 

Symptoms

The severity of symptoms in mitral valve stenosis can vary. Some individuals may not experience noticeable symptoms, while others may have the following:

  • Shortness of breath, especially during physical activity or when lying flat
  • Fatigue or weakness
  • Heart palpitations or irregular heartbeat (arrhythmias)
  • Chest discomfort or pain, often experienced as a tightness or pressure
  • Swelling of the ankles, feet, or abdomen due to fluid retention

 

Diagnosis

To diagnose congenital mitral valve stenosis, the following tests and assessments may be conducted:

  • Physical examination: A healthcare provider may listen to the heart using a stethoscope to detect a heart murmur or other abnormal sounds.
  • Echocardiogram: This imaging test uses sound waves to create images of the heart. It can assess the structure and function of the mitral valve and measure the severity of stenosis.
  • Electrocardiogram (ECG): This test records the electrical activity of the heart and can detect any abnormal heart rhythms.
  • Cardiac catheterization: In some cases, a thin tube is inserted into a blood vessel and guided to the heart to measure pressures and evaluate the severity of the condition.
  • Advanced cardiac imaging may be recommended.

 

Treatment

The treatment options for mitral valve stenosis depend on the severity of symptoms and the degree of narrowing in the valve. They may include:

  • Medications: Medications can be prescribed to manage symptoms, control irregular heart rhythms, and prevent blood clots.
  • Mitral valve repair or replacement: In severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to repair the valve or replace it with a mechanical or biological valve.
  • Infective endocarditis prevention: Antibiotics may be recommended before certain dental or surgical procedures to prevent infective endocarditis in individuals with mitral valve stenosis.

 

When to consult a physician

Congenital mitral stenosis patients should be monitored life long, even without symptoms.