Transposition of the great arteries
D-Transposition of the great arteries (TGA), also known as transposition of the great vessels (TGV), is a congenital heart defect in which the two major arteries leaving the heart—the aorta and the pulmonary artery—are reversed, or “transposed.” This condition disrupts the normal flow of oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood throughout the body. Here is detailed information on transposition of the great arteries, including types, causes, symptoms, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and when to consult a physician.
Most if not all D-transposition of the great arteries patients have had prior surgical and/or interventional procedures in childhood. However, commonly they have residual problems (i.e. arrhythmias, heart failure, valvular abnormalities) that need lifelong ACHD follow-up.
Symptoms
Symptoms of D-transposition of the great arteries depend on the nature of the surgery and residual defects.
- Shortness of breath, especially during physical activity.
- Fatigue and weakness.
- Rapid heart rate or syncope.
- Heart failure
- Echocardiography (echo): This ultrasound test provides detailed images of the heart and is the primary tool for diagnosing Tetralogy of Fallot.
- Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG): This test records the electrical activity of the heart and may show signs of right ventricular hypertrophy.
- Cardiac MRI or CT scan: These imaging tests can provide additional information about the heart’s anatomy and function.
- Cardiac catheterization and EP studies.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of transposition of the great arteries is typically made shortly after birth. Diagnostic tests may include:
Treatment
Treatment of D- transposition of the great arteries usually involves surgical intervention to redirect the blood flow. The most common surgical procedure is known as the atrial or arterial switch operations in infancy.
When to consult a physician
D-transposition of the great arteries patients should be monitored life long, even without symptoms.