Bicep Tendon Tear at the Elbow

Overview

A bicep tendon tear at the elbow is an injury that occurs when the distal biceps tendon—connecting the biceps muscle to the forearm—is partially or completely torn. This injury can lead to pain, weakness, and difficulty bending the elbow or rotating the forearm.

Prompt evaluation and treatment by an orthopedic specialist are important for restoring strength and function and preventing long-term complications.

What Is a Bicep Tendon Tear at the Elbow?

The distal biceps tendon attaches the biceps muscle in the upper arm to the radius bone in the forearm. This tendon is essential for bending the elbow and rotating the forearm (turning the palm upward).

A tear occurs when the tendon is overstretched or subjected to a sudden force. Tears can be partial (incomplete) or complete (fully detached from the bone).

A complete tear can significantly reduce strength, especially with lifting or rotational movements.

Common Symptoms of a Bicep Tendon Tear

Symptoms often occur suddenly after injury and may include:

• A sudden, sharp pain in the front of the elbow
• A popping or tearing sensation at the time of injury
• Swelling and bruising around the elbow and forearm
• Weakness when bending the elbow or rotating the forearm
• A visible change in the shape of the biceps muscle (“Popeye” appearance)
• Difficulty lifting or gripping objects

If you experience a sudden injury with loss of strength, an orthopedic evaluation is recommended.

Causes and Risk Factors

Bicep tendon tears at the elbow are typically caused by a sudden force applied to a bent elbow. Common causes include:

• Lifting heavy objects
• Sudden or forceful pulling motions
• Sports injuries
• Accidents or falls

Risk factors may include:

• Age-related tendon degeneration
• Smoking
• Use of corticosteroids
• Repetitive heavy lifting

An orthopedic specialist at UTHealth Houston can evaluate the injury and determine the best course of treatment.

How Is a Bicep Tendon Tear Diagnosed?

Diagnosis begins with a physical examination and a review of how the injury occurred. Orthopedic providers will assess strength, range of motion, and tendon integrity.

Diagnostic testing may include:

• MRI to confirm the tear and assess severity
• Ultrasound in some cases to evaluate the tendon
• X-rays to rule out associated bone injuries

These tests help confirm the diagnosis and guide treatment planning.

Bicep Tendon Tear Treatment Options

Non-Surgical Treatments

Partial tears or patients with lower activity demands may be treated without surgery, including:

• Rest and activity modification
• Ice and anti-inflammatory medications
• Physical therapy to restore strength and motion

Surgical Treatment

Surgery is often recommended for complete tears, especially in active individuals.

Surgical options include:

• Reattachment of the tendon to the radius
• Repair of the torn tendon using specialized fixation techniques

The goal of surgery is to restore strength, function, and normal movement of the arm.

When to See an Orthopedic Specialist

You should seek orthopedic care if you experience:

• Sudden pain or a popping sensation in the elbow
• Weakness in bending the arm or rotating the forearm
• Swelling or bruising
• Changes in the appearance of the biceps muscle

Early evaluation is important for optimal recovery and return to function.

Expert Orthopedic Care at UTHealth Houston Orthopedics

Our orthopedic hand surgeons can provide comprehensive evaluation and personalized treatment, from conservative care to advanced surgical options. If you’re experiencing wrist pain, hand numbness, or tingling, you can request an appointment (external link) to receive expert care and lasting relief.