Elbow Arthritis
Elbow arthritis is a condition that causes pain, stiffness, and decreased motion in the elbow joint due to degeneration of the cartilage. As the cartilage wears down, the bones may rub against each other, leading to inflammation and reduced function.
Early evaluation and treatment by an orthopedic specialist can help relieve symptoms, maintain mobility, and improve quality of life.
What Is Elbow Arthritis?
Elbow arthritis can cause pain, stiffness, and difficulty with everyday activities like lifting or bending the arm.
Elbow arthritis occurs when the smooth cartilage that lines the elbow joint breaks down over time. The elbow joint is made up of the humerus, radius, and ulna, which work together to allow bending, straightening, and rotation of the arm.
Types of elbow arthritis include:
- Osteoarthritis – caused by wear and tear over time
- Rheumatoid arthritis – an autoimmune condition causing joint inflammation
- Post-traumatic arthritis – develops after injury to the elbow
As arthritis progresses, it can lead to pain, stiffness, and decreased range of motion.
Common Symptoms of Elbow Arthritis
Symptoms often develop gradually and may worsen over time. Common signs include:
- Elbow pain, especially with movement
- Stiffness and decreased range of motion
- Swelling or tenderness
- Weakness in the arm
- Grinding or clicking sensations
- Difficulty performing daily activities
If you are experiencing persistent elbow pain or stiffness, an orthopedic evaluation is recommended.
Causes and Risk Factors
Elbow arthritis can develop due to several factors, including:
- Aging and natural joint wear and tear
- Previous elbow injuries or fractures
- Repetitive stress or overuse
- Autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis
Risk factors may include prior trauma, repetitive use, or underlying joint disease.
An orthopedic specialist at UTHealth Houston can evaluate your elbow and determine contributing factors.
How Is Elbow Arthritis Diagnosed?
Diagnosis begins with a physical examination and a review of symptoms and medical history. Orthopedic providers will assess range of motion, pain, and joint function.
Imaging studies may include:
- X-rays to evaluate joint space narrowing and bone changes
- CT scans for detailed assessment of joint surfaces
- MRI in some cases to evaluate surrounding soft tissues
These tests help confirm the diagnosis and determine the severity of arthritis.
Elbow Arthritis Treatment Options
Non-Surgical Treatments
Many patients can manage symptoms with conservative treatment, including:
- Activity modification
- Anti-inflammatory medications
- Physical therapy to maintain strength and motion
- Corticosteroid injections for pain relief
Surgical Treatment
Surgery may be recommended for more advanced or severe cases.
Surgical options may include:
- Arthroscopic debridement (removal of damaged tissue)
- Joint reconstruction
- Elbow joint replacement (arthroplasty) in select cases
The goal of surgery is to relieve pain, improve function, and preserve mobility.
When to See an Orthopedic Specialist
You should seek orthopedic care if you experience:
- Persistent elbow pain or stiffness
- Decreased range of motion
- Weakness or difficulty using your arm
- Symptoms that interfere with daily activities
Early treatment can help slow progression and improve long-term outcomes.
Expert Orthopedic Care at UTHealth Houston Orthopedics
Our orthopedic hand surgeons can provide comprehensive evaluation and personalized treatment, from conservative care to advanced surgical options. If you’re experiencing wrist pain, hand numbness, or tingling, you can request an appointment to receive expert care and lasting relief.