Elbow Contracture
Overview
Elbow contracture is a condition in which the elbow becomes stiff and loses its normal range of motion. This limitation can make it difficult to fully bend or straighten the arm, impacting daily activities such as dressing, lifting, and reaching.
Early evaluation and treatment by an orthopedic specialist are important for restoring mobility, improving function, and preventing long-term stiffness.
What Is Elbow Contracture?
Elbow Contracture
Elbow contracture occurs when the soft tissues around the elbow—such as the joint capsule, ligaments, and muscles—become tight, scarred, or stiff. This restricts the normal movement of the elbow joint.
The elbow requires a functional range of motion for most daily tasks. When motion is limited, even simple activities can become difficult.
Contractures can develop gradually or occur after injury or surgery.
Common Symptoms of Elbow Contracture
Symptoms typically include:
- Inability to fully straighten or bend the elbow
- Stiffness or tightness in the joint
- Decreased range of motion
- Pain or discomfort with movement
- Difficulty performing daily activities
If you are experiencing persistent elbow stiffness or limited motion, an orthopedic evaluation is recommended.
Causes and Risk Factors
Elbow contracture can develop for several reasons, including:
- Previous elbow fractures or trauma
- Post-surgical stiffness
- Prolonged immobilization
- Scar tissue formation
- Inflammatory conditions such as arthritis
- Burns or soft tissue injuries affecting the elbow
Risk factors may include delayed rehabilitation, severe injury, or prolonged inactivity.
An orthopedic specialist at UTHealth Houston can evaluate your condition and determine contributing factors.
How Is Elbow Contracture Diagnosed?
Diagnosis begins with a physical examination and a review of symptoms and medical history. Orthopedic providers will assess range of motion, joint stiffness, and functional limitations.
Imaging studies may include:
- X-rays to evaluate bone alignment and joint structure
- CT scans to assess bony blocks or deformities
- MRI in some cases to evaluate soft tissue structures
These tests help determine the cause of the contracture and guide treatment planning.
Elbow Contracture Treatment Options
Non-Surgical Treatments
In many cases, non-surgical treatment can help improve motion, including:
- Physical therapy focused on stretching and strengthening
- Splinting or bracing to gradually improve range of motion
- Anti-inflammatory medications
- Activity modification
Surgical Treatment
Surgery may be recommended for more severe or persistent contractures.
Surgical options may include:
- Release of tight soft tissues (capsular release)
- Removal of scar tissue or bone spurs
- Arthroscopic or open procedures to restore motion
The goal of surgery is to improve range of motion, relieve stiffness, and restore function.
When to See an Orthopedic Specialist
You should seek orthopedic care if you experience:
- Persistent elbow stiffness
- Difficulty bending or straightening your arm
- Limited motion affecting daily activities
- Symptoms that do not improve with therapy
Early evaluation can help prevent permanent loss of motion and improve outcomes.
Expert Orthopedic Care at UTHealth Houston Orthopedics
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