Elbow Impingement
Overview
Elbow impingement is a condition in which soft tissue or bone becomes pinched within the elbow joint during movement. This can lead to pain, stiffness, and limited range of motion, particularly with repetitive use or high-demand activities.
Early evaluation and treatment by an orthopedic specialist can help relieve symptoms, restore motion, and prevent further joint damage.
What Is Elbow Impingement?
Elbow Impingement
Elbow impingement occurs when structures within the elbow joint—such as bone, cartilage, or soft tissue—become compressed or trapped during movement. This often happens at the back (posterior) or front (anterior) of the elbow.
A common type is valgus extension overload, seen in throwing athletes, in which repetitive stress leads to bone spurs and soft-tissue irritation at the back of the elbow.
Over time, repeated impingement can cause inflammation, pain, and joint damage.
Common Symptoms of Elbow Impingement
Symptoms may develop gradually and worsen with activity. Common signs include:
- Elbow pain, especially during extension (straightening the arm)
- Stiffness or decreased range of motion
- Catching, locking, or clicking sensations
- Swelling or tenderness
- Pain during throwing or repetitive arm use
If you are experiencing persistent elbow pain or limited motion, an orthopedic evaluation is recommended.
Causes and Risk Factors
Elbow impingement is typically caused by repetitive stress or structural changes in the joint. Common causes include:
- Repetitive throwing or overhead activities
- Formation of bone spurs (osteophytes)
- Previous elbow injuries
- Overuse or high-demand activities
Risk factors may include participation in sports such as baseball or tennis, repetitive arm use, or prior elbow trauma.
An orthopedic specialist at UTHealth Houston can evaluate your condition and determine contributing factors.
How Is Elbow Impingement Diagnosed?
Diagnosis begins with a physical examination and a review of symptoms and activity history. Orthopedic providers will assess range of motion, pain with movement, and joint function.
Imaging studies may include:
- X-rays to identify bone spurs or structural changes
- MRI to evaluate soft tissue involvement
- CT scans in more complex cases
These tests help confirm the diagnosis and guide treatment planning.
Elbow Impingement Treatment Options
Non-Surgical Treatments
Many patients can manage symptoms with conservative treatment, including:
- Activity modification
- Rest and anti-inflammatory medications
- Physical therapy to improve flexibility and strength
- Gradual return-to-activity programs
Surgical Treatment
Surgery may be recommended if symptoms persist or a mechanical blockage is present.
Surgical options may include:
- Arthroscopic removal of bone spurs or loose bodies
- Debridement of inflamed tissue
- Correction of structural issues
The goal of surgery is to relieve impingement, restore motion, and improve function.
When to See an Orthopedic Specialist
You should seek orthopedic care if you experience:
- Persistent elbow pain
- Limited range of motion
- Catching or locking sensations
- Pain during sports or repetitive activities
Early evaluation can help prevent progression and improve outcomes.
Expert Orthopedic Care at UTHealth Houston Orthopedics
Our orthopedic hand surgeons can provide comprehensive evaluation and personalized treatment, from conservative care to advanced surgical options. If you’re experiencing wrist pain, hand numbness, or tingling, you can request an appointment (external link) to receive expert care and lasting relief.