Elbow Sprain

An elbow sprain occurs when sudden force or overuse stretches or tears the ligaments that support the elbow. As a result, elbow sprains can cause pain, swelling, and instability and may affect normal arm function.

Early evaluation and treatment by an orthopedic specialist can help relieve symptoms, restore stability, and prevent long-term complications.

What Is an Elbow Sprain?

An elbow sprain occurs when an injury stretches or tears one or more of the ligaments that stabilize the elbow joint. These ligaments help keep the bones of the elbow aligned during movement.

Common ligaments involved include:

• Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) – located on the inner side of the elbow
• Lateral collateral ligament complex – located on the outer side of the elbow

Sprains can range in severity:

• Mild (Grade I) – ligament is stretched
• Moderate (Grade II) – partial tear
• Severe (Grade III) – complete tear

Common Symptoms of an Elbow Sprain

Symptoms may occur immediately after injury or develop over time. Common signs include:

• Elbow pain
• Swelling and tenderness
• Bruising in some cases
• Decreased range of motion
• A feeling of instability or looseness
• Weakness with movement

If you are experiencing persistent elbow pain or instability, an orthopedic evaluation is recommended.

Causes and Risk Factors

Trauma or repetitive stress typically causes elbow sprains. Common causes include:

• Falls onto an outstretched hand
• Sudden twisting or forceful movements
• Sports injuries
• Repetitive overhead or throwing activities

In addition, risk factors may include participation in high-impact sports, repetitive arm use, or previous elbow injuries.

An orthopedic specialist at UTHealth Houston can evaluate your injury and determine the appropriate treatment.

How Is an Elbow Sprain Diagnosed?

An orthopedic provider begins the diagnosis with a physical examination and a review of your symptoms and injury history. During the exam, the provider will assess your range of motion, ligament stability, and areas of tenderness.

Imaging studies may include:

• X-rays to rule out fractures
• MRI to evaluate ligament damage
• Ultrasound in some cases

Together, these tests help confirm the diagnosis and determine the severity of the injury.

Elbow Sprain Treatment Options

Non-Surgical Treatments

Most elbow sprains do not require surgery. Non-surgical treatment options include:

• Rest and activity modification
• Ice and anti-inflammatory medications
• Bracing or splinting
• Physical therapy to restore strength and stability

Surgical Treatment

For severe ligament tears or persistent instability, an orthopedic specialist may recommend surgery.

Surgical options may include:

• Ligament repair or reconstruction
• Stabilization procedures

Ultimately, surgery aims to restore elbow stability and help patients return to normal activities.

When to See an Orthopedic Specialist

You should seek orthopedic care if you experience:

• Persistent elbow pain
• Swelling or bruising
• Limited motion
• A feeling of instability

Early evaluation can help prevent chronic instability and long-term complications.

Expert Orthopedic Care at UTHealth Houston Orthopedics

Our orthopedic hand surgeons can provide comprehensive evaluation and personalized treatment, from conservative care to advanced surgical options. If you’re experiencing wrist pain, hand numbness, or tingling, you can request an appointment (external link) to receive expert care and lasting relief.