Extensor Tendon Injury
An extensor tendon injury affects the tendons that straighten the fingers and thumb. These tendons run along the back of the hand and allow you to fully extend your fingers, thumb, and wrist. When injured, patients may experience difficulty straightening a finger, pain, swelling, or weakness. Early evaluation and treatment by an orthopedic specialist are important to restore hand function and prevent long-term stiffness.
What Is an Extensor Tendon Injury?
Extensor tendons connect the muscles of the forearm to the bones of the fingers and thumb. Because these tendons lie just beneath the skin, they are vulnerable to injury from cuts, lacerations, crush injuries, or sports trauma.
Injuries can range from mild tendon strains to partial or complete tendon tears. One common example is mallet finger, which occurs when the tendon at the tip of the finger is damaged, preventing full extension.
Common Symptoms of an Extensor Tendon Injury
Symptoms vary depending on the severity of the injury but may include:
- Inability to fully straighten a finger or thumb
- Pain or tenderness on the back of the hand
- Swelling or bruising
- Visible wound or laceration
- Weak grip strength
- Finger drooping at the tip (mallet finger)
If you are unable to straighten your finger after an injury, prompt orthopedic evaluation is recommended.
Causes and Risk Factors
Extensor tendon injuries commonly result from:
- Deep cuts or lacerations to the back of the hand
- Sports-related injuries
- Sudden forceful impact to the fingertip
- Crush injuries
- Workplace accidents
Athletes, manual laborers, and individuals who work with sharp tools may have an increased risk.
How Extensor Tendon Injuries Are Diagnosed
Diagnosis begins with a physical examination to assess finger motion and tendon integrity. Your orthopedic specialist may test your ability to extend each joint in the finger.
X-rays are often performed to rule out fractures or joint injuries. In some cases, advanced imaging may be recommended to evaluate tendon damage.
Extensor Tendon Injury Treatment Options
Treatment depends on the location and severity of the injury.
Non-Surgical Treatment Options
- Splinting to keep the finger in extension
- Immobilization for several weeks to allow tendon healing
- Activity modification
- Hand therapy to restore motion and strength
Surgical Treatment
Complete tendon lacerations or severe tears typically require surgical repair. During surgery, the torn tendon ends are carefully reattached. After surgery, a structured rehabilitation program is essential to regain full function.
Recovery and Rehabilitation
Recovery time varies depending on the type of injury and treatment approach. Early and guided hand therapy is critical to prevent stiffness and optimize long-term outcomes. Most patients gradually regain strength and motion with appropriate care.
When to See an Orthopedic Specialist
You should seek immediate evaluation if you cannot straighten a finger, have a deep cut on the back of your hand, or experience persistent swelling and weakness after an injury. Early treatment improves healing and reduces the risk of permanent loss of motion.
Expert Orthopedic Care for Extensor Tendon Injuries
Orthopedic hand specialists provide comprehensive care for extensor tendon injuries, from emergency evaluation to advanced surgical repair and rehabilitation. If you have sustained a hand or finger injury, schedule an appointment for expert diagnosis and personalized treatment.