Extensor Tendon Injury
An extensor tendon injury affects the tendons that straighten the fingers and thumb. These tendons run along the back of the hand and allow you to extend your fingers, thumb, and wrist fully. When an injury occurs, patients may experience difficulty straightening a finger, along with pain, swelling, or weakness. Because of this, early evaluation and treatment by an orthopedic specialist are important for restoring hand function and preventing long-term stiffness.
What Is an Extensor Tendon Injury?
Extensor tendons connect the muscles of the forearm to the bones of the fingers and thumb. Because these tendons lie just beneath the skin, they remain especially vulnerable to injury from cuts, lacerations, crush injuries, or sports trauma.
Depending on the severity, injuries can range from mild tendon strains to partial or complete tendon tears. For example, one common condition is mallet finger, which occurs when the tendon at the tip of the finger becomes damaged, preventing full extension.
Common Symptoms of an Extensor Tendon Injury
Symptoms vary depending on the severity of the injury; however, they may include:
- Inability to fully straighten a finger or thumb
- Pain or tenderness on the back of the hand
- Swelling or bruising
- Visible wound or laceration
- Weak grip strength
- Finger drooping at the tip (mallet finger)
If you are unable to straighten your finger after an injury, prompt orthopedic evaluation is recommended.
Causes and Risk Factors
In most cases, extensor tendon injuries result from:
- Deep cuts or lacerations to the back of the hand
- Sports-related injuries
- Sudden, forceful impact to the fingertip
- Crush injuries
- Workplace accidents
As a result, athletes, manual laborers, and individuals who work with sharp tools may face an increased risk.
How Are Extensor Tendon Injuries Diagnosed?
To begin, diagnosis starts with a physical examination to assess finger motion and tendon integrity. During this exam, your orthopedic specialist will test your ability to extend each joint in the finger.
In addition, X-rays are often performed to rule out fractures or joint injuries. In some cases, advanced imaging may also be recommended to evaluate tendon damage further.
Extensor Tendon Injury Treatment Options
Treatment depends on both the location and severity of the injury.
Non-Surgical Treatment Options
In less severe cases, treatment may include:
- Splinting to keep the finger in extension
- Immobilization for several weeks to allow tendon healing
- Activity modification
- Hand therapy to restore motion and strength
Surgical Treatment
However, complete tendon lacerations or severe tears typically require surgical repair. During surgery, the surgeon carefully reattaches the torn tendon ends. Afterward, a structured rehabilitation program becomes essential to help restore full function.
Recovery and Rehabilitation
Recovery time varies depending on the type of injury and treatment approach. With this in mind, early and guided hand therapy plays a critical role in preventing stiffness and optimizing long-term outcomes. Over time, most patients gradually regain strength and motion with appropriate care.
When to See an Orthopedic Specialist
You should seek immediate evaluation if you cannot straighten a finger, have a deep cut on the back of your hand, or experience persistent swelling and weakness after an injury. In these situations, early treatment significantly improves healing and reduces the risk of permanent loss of motion.
Expert Orthopedic Care at UTHealth Houston Orthopedics
Our orthopedic hand specialists provide comprehensive care for extensor tendon injuries, from emergency evaluation to advanced surgical repair and rehabilitation. If you have sustained a hand or finger injury, you can request an appointment for expert diagnosis and personalized treatment.