Nursemaid’s Elbow

Nursemaid’s elbow is a common injury in young children that occurs when the radius (a forearm bone) slips partially out of its normal position at the elbow. This condition, also known as radial head subluxation, can cause pain and limit a child’s ability to use their arm.

Prompt evaluation and treatment by a healthcare provider can quickly restore normal movement and relieve discomfort.

What Is Nursemaid’s Elbow?

Nursemaid’s elbow occurs when the radial head slips out from under the annular ligament, which normally holds it in place at the elbow joint. This injury is most common in children under 5, as their ligaments are still developing and more flexible.

It is not a true dislocation but rather a partial displacement (subluxation) of the joint.

Common Symptoms of Nursemaid’s Elbow

Symptoms typically occur immediately after the injury and may include:

• Sudden pain in the elbow
• Refusal to use the affected arm
• Holding the arm slightly bent and close to the body
• Limited movement of the elbow
• Minimal swelling or visible deformity

If a child suddenly stops using their arm after a pulling injury, an evaluation is recommended.

Causes and Risk Factors

Nursemaid’s elbow is usually caused by a sudden pulling force on the child’s arm. Common causes include:

• Lifting or pulling a child by the hands or wrists
• Swinging a child by the arms
• Sudden tugging motions

Risk factors include:

• Age under 5 years
• Flexible or developing ligaments
• Previous episodes of nursemaid’s elbow

A specialist at UTHealth Houston can evaluate the injury and perform treatment.

How Is Nursemaid’s Elbow Diagnosed?

Diagnosis is typically based on a physical examination and a review of how the injury occurred. Orthopedic providers will assess the child’s arm position and ability to move the elbow.

Imaging studies, such as X-rays, are usually not required unless there is concern for a fracture or other injury.

Nursemaid’s Elbow Treatment Options

Non-Surgical Treatment

Treatment is usually simple and highly effective.

Options include:

• A quick manual reduction maneuver performed by a healthcare provider
• Immediate relief of pain and restoration of movement in most cases

Children often begin using the arm normally within minutes after the procedure.

Surgical Treatment

Surgery is not required for nursemaid’s elbow.

When to See a Specialist

You should seek medical care if a child:

• Suddenly refuses to use their arm
• Complains of elbow pain after a pulling injury
• Holds the arm in an unusual position
• Has symptoms that do not improve

Prompt treatment can quickly resolve the condition and prevent ongoing discomfort.

Expert Orthopedic Care at UTHealth Houston Orthopedics

Our orthopedic hand surgeons can provide comprehensive evaluation and personalized treatment, from conservative care to advanced surgical options. If your child is experiencing elbow pain, numbness, or tingling, you can request an appointment to receive expert care and lasting relief.