Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Capitellum

Overview

Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the capitellum is a condition in which a segment of bone and cartilage in the elbow loses blood supply, leading to weakening and possible separation of the tissue. This condition most commonly affects adolescents and young athletes, particularly those engaged in repetitive upper-extremity activities.

Early evaluation and treatment by an orthopedic specialist are important for protecting joint health, relieving symptoms, and preventing long-term damage.

What Is Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Capitellum?

The capitellum is a part of the distal humerus that forms the outer portion of the elbow joint and articulates with the radius. Osteochondritis dissecans occurs when a portion of bone beneath the cartilage loses blood supply, causing the bone and overlying cartilage to weaken.

In some cases, the affected fragment may loosen or break off, creating a loose body within the joint. This can interfere with movement and lead to further joint damage.

Common Symptoms of Capitellar OCD

Symptoms often develop gradually and may worsen over time. Common signs include:

• Elbow pain, especially during activity
• Swelling or tenderness
• Stiffness or decreased range of motion
• Catching, locking, or clicking sensations
• Decreased performance in sports

If a young athlete is experiencing persistent elbow pain or mechanical symptoms, an orthopedic evaluation is recommended.

Causes and Risk Factors

Osteochondritis dissecans of the capitellum is typically caused by repetitive stress on the elbow joint. Common contributing factors include:

• Repetitive throwing motions
• Weight-bearing activities on the arms (gymnastics)
• Overuse without adequate rest
• Microtrauma to the joint over time

Risk factors may include:

• Participation in throwing sports
• Adolescence and open growth plates
• High levels of athletic activity

An orthopedic specialist at UTHealth Houston can evaluate the condition and determine the appropriate treatment.

How Is Capitellar OCD Diagnosed?

Diagnosis begins with a physical examination and a review of symptoms and activity history. Orthopedic providers will assess pain, motion, and joint stability.

Imaging studies may include:

• X-rays to evaluate bone changes
• MRI to assess cartilage and the stability of the lesion
• CT scans in some cases for detailed evaluation

These tests help determine the severity of the condition and guide treatment planning.

Capitellar OCD Treatment Options

Non-Surgical Treatments

In early or stable cases, non-surgical treatment may be effective, including:

• Rest and activity modification
• Temporary restriction from sports
• Physical therapy to improve strength and flexibility
• Gradual return-to-activity programs

Surgical Treatment

Surgery may be recommended for unstable lesions or persistent symptoms.

Surgical options may include:

• Arthroscopic removal of loose bodies
• Drilling or microfracture to stimulate healing
• Fixation of the lesion
• Cartilage restoration procedures

The goal of surgery is to preserve joint health, restore motion, and allow a safe return to activity.

When to See an Orthopedic Specialist

You should seek orthopedic care if a child or adolescent experiences:

• Persistent elbow pain
• Swelling or stiffness
• Catching or locking in the joint
• Decreased performance in sports

Early evaluation is important to prevent progression and long-term joint damage.

Expert Orthopedic Care at UTHealth Houston Orthopedics

Our orthopedic hand surgeons can provide comprehensive evaluation and personalized treatment, from conservative care to advanced surgical options. If you’re experiencing wrist pain, hand numbness, or tingling, you can request an appointment (external link) to receive expert care and lasting relief.