Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Elbow
Overview
Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the elbow is a condition in which a segment of bone and cartilage within the joint loses its blood supply, leading to weakening and potential separation of the tissue. This can result in pain, stiffness, and mechanical symptoms in the elbow.
Early evaluation and treatment by an orthopedic specialist are important for protecting joint health, relieving symptoms, and preventing long-term complications.
What Is Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Elbow?
Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Elbow
Osteochondritis dissecans occurs when a portion of bone beneath the cartilage in the elbow loses its blood supply. This causes the bone and overlying cartilage to weaken and, in some cases, separate from the surrounding tissue.
The condition most commonly affects the capitellum, part of the distal humerus that articulates with the radius. As the condition progresses, the affected fragment may loosen and form a loose body within the joint, interfering with movement.
Common Symptoms of Elbow OCD
Symptoms often develop gradually and may worsen with activity. Common signs include:
- Elbow pain, especially during sports or activity
- Swelling or tenderness
- Stiffness or decreased range of motion
- Catching, locking, or clicking sensations
- Decreased performance in athletic activities
If you are experiencing persistent elbow pain or mechanical symptoms, an orthopedic evaluation is recommended.
Causes and Risk Factors
Osteochondritis dissecans of the elbow is typically caused by repetitive stress on the joint. Common contributing factors include:
- Repetitive throwing motions
- Weight-bearing activities on the arms (such as gymnastics)
- Overuse without adequate rest
- Microtrauma over time
Risk factors may include:
- Participation in throwing sports
- Adolescence and open growth plates
- High levels of athletic activity
An orthopedic specialist at UTHealth Houston can evaluate your condition and determine contributing factors.
How Is Elbow OCD Diagnosed?
Diagnosis begins with a physical examination and a review of symptoms and activity history. Orthopedic providers will assess pain, motion, and joint function.
Imaging studies may include:
- X-rays to evaluate bone changes
- MRI to assess cartilage and determine lesion stability
- CT scans in more complex cases
These tests help confirm the diagnosis and guide treatment planning.
Elbow OCD Treatment Options
Non-Surgical Treatments
In early or stable cases, non-surgical treatment may be effective, including:
- Rest and activity modification
- Temporary restriction from sports
- Physical therapy to improve strength and flexibility
- Gradual return-to-activity programs
Surgical Treatment
Surgery may be recommended for unstable lesions or persistent symptoms.
Surgical options may include:
- Arthroscopic removal of loose bodies
- Drilling or microfracture to stimulate healing
- Fixation of the lesion
- Cartilage restoration procedures
The goal of surgery is to preserve joint health, restore motion, and allow a safe return to activity.
When to See an Orthopedic Specialist
You should seek orthopedic care if you experience:
- Persistent elbow pain
- Swelling or stiffness
- Catching or locking in the joint
- Decreased performance in sports
Early evaluation is important to prevent progression and long-term joint damage.
Expert Orthopedic Care at UTHealth Houston Orthopedics
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