Basilar Invagination

What is Basilar Invagination?

Basilar invagination is a structural condition in which the upper portion of the spine moves upward into the base of the skull. This shift can place pressure on the brainstem and nearby nerves, which are responsible for many essential functions. Because of this, symptoms can vary widely depending on how much compression occurs. At UTHealth Houston, specialists are experienced in identifying even subtle forms of this condition.

Causes of Basilar Invagination

Basilar invagination may be present at birth due to differences in how the bones of the skull and spine develop. It can also develop later in life as a result of conditions that affect bone strength or alignment, such as arthritis, trauma, or disorders that weaken the joints and ligaments of the spine. In some cases, the condition progresses gradually.

Symptoms of Basilar Invagination

Symptoms can develop slowly and may worsen over time. Patients may experience headaches, chronic neck pain, or a feeling of pressure at the base of the skull. As the condition progresses, symptoms can include difficulty with balance and coordination, weakness or numbness in the arms or legs, and problems with swallowing or speech. Because the brainstem is involved, some symptoms may feel subtle at first but become more noticeable over time.

Diagnosis of Basilar Invagination

Diagnosis typically begins with a detailed medical history and physical examination, including a neurological assessment. CT scans or MRIs are essential to visualize the position of the spine and evaluate any pressure on the brainstem or surrounding structures. At UTHealth Houston, advanced imaging helps guide both diagnosis and treatment planning.

Treatment of Basilar Invagination

Treatment depends on the severity of the condition and the presence of symptoms. Mild cases may be carefully monitored over time, especially if symptoms are limited. When there is significant pressure on the brainstem or worsening neurological symptoms, surgery may be recommended to relieve compression and stabilize the spine. At UTHealth Houston, care is tailored to each patient, with a focus on improving function, reducing symptoms, and supporting long-term stability.