Encephaloceles

What are Encephaloceles?

Encephaloceles are rare conditions in which brain tissue and its protective coverings protrude through an opening in the skull. This opening may be present at birth due to incomplete development of the skull or may occur later in life due to trauma, surgery, or erosion of bone at the skull base.

Encephaloceles can vary in size and severity, and their impact depends on their location and the amount of brain tissue involved.

At UTHealth Houston, we care for patients with both congenital and acquired encephaloceles, using advanced imaging and a multidisciplinary approach to guide treatment.

Causes of Encephaloceles

Encephaloceles are most commonly caused by a congenital defect in which the skull does not fully close during early development. In adults, they may develop due to trauma, prior surgery, chronic pressure changes such as those seen with idiopathic intracranial hypertension, or gradual weakening of the skull base. In some cases, no clear cause is identified.

Symptoms of Encephaloceles

Symptoms depend on the size and location of the encephalocele. Some patients may have visible swelling or a mass, while others experience headaches, fluid drainage from the nose (CSF leak), vision changes, or neurological symptoms such as seizures or weakness. In milder cases, symptoms may be subtle and develop over time.

Diagnosis of Encephaloceles

Diagnosis typically involves imaging studies such as MRI and CT scans, which help identify the defect and determine whether brain tissue is involved. In some cases, additional testing may be used to evaluate associated CSF leaks. At UTHealth Houston, we use advanced imaging techniques to accurately define the condition and plan appropriate care.

What are the Treatment Options for Encephaloceles?

Treatment often involves surgical repair to close the defect, protect the brain, and prevent complications such as infection or persistent CSF leakage. The specific approach depends on the location and complexity of the encephalocele. At UTHealth Houston, our team uses advanced surgical techniques and coordinated care to achieve the best possible outcomes.