Jiyang Cai, PhD

Elizabeth Morford Professor
Vice Chair of Research
Director, Vision Research Group

Contact

Jiyang Cai, PhD

Biography

Jiyang Cai, PhD, is professor of ophthalmology and director of the Vision Research Group at McGovern Medical School.

He previously worked as professor in the Department of Biochemistry and Physiology at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center College of Medicine and has held faculty appointments at Vanderbilt University, Emory University, and the University of Texas Medical Branch’s Department of Ophthalmology.

Dr. Cai’s research focuses on retinal degeneration and vision loss, particularly age-related macular degeneration and subretinal fibrosis. He has been continuously funded by the National Institutes of Health since 2007 and currently holds multiple grants from the National Eye Institute. His work has resulted in more than 70 peer-reviewed publications and has helped identify novel therapeutic targets for blinding retinal diseases.

He has received national and institutional honors, including the Sybil Harrington Award from Research to Prevent Blindness and a postdoctoral fellowship from the American Institute of Cancer Research. Dr. Cai earned his bachelor of medicine and bachelor of surgery degree from Shanghai Medical University in China, completed his doctoral training in pharmacology and toxicology at Emory University, and undertook postdoctoral training in cancer research at Yale University.

Education

Bachelor of Medicine: Shanghai Medical University in China
Bachelor of Surgery, Clinical Medicine: Shanghai Medical University in China
PhD, Pharmacology and Toxicology: Emory University
Postdoctoral Training, Oncology Research: Yale University

Publications

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Publications – Peer-Reviewed/Refereed

* indicates Mentee

+ indicates Co-First Author

# indicates Contributing Author/Corresponding Author

Scientific/Scholarly Journals

1.	Karmoker, J. R., Bounds, S. E., Cai, J. (2024). Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediated immune responses to degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium. Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease, 1870(7), 167351. PMID: 39004382. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167351
2.	Ma, X., Wu, W., Hara, M., Zhou, J., Panzarin, C., Schafer, C. M., Griffin, C. T., Cai, J., Ma, J.-X., Takahashi, Y. (2024). Deficient RPE mitochondrial energetics leads to subretinal fibrosis in age-related neovascular macular degeneration. Communications biology, 7(1), 1075. PMID: 39223298. DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06773-7
3.	Chen, Y., Bounds, Ma, X., Karmoker, J. R., Liu, Ma, J.-X., Cai, J.^# Interleukin-17-Mediated Protective Cytokine Signaling Against Degeneration of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 120(51), e2311647120. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2311647120
4.	Liang, Y., Wang, X., Wang, H., Yang, W., Yi, P., Soong, L., Cong, Y., Cai, J., Fan, X., Sun, J. (2022). IL-33 activates mTORC1 and modulates glycolytic metabolism in CD8(+) T cells. Immunology, 165(1), 61-73. DOI: 10.1111/imm.13404
5.	Wang, X., Liang, Y., Wang, H., Zhang, B., Soong, L., Cai, J., Yi, P., Fan, X., Sun, J. (2022). The Protective Role of IL-36/IL-36R Signal in Con A-Induced Acute Hepatitis. Journal OF Immunology, 208(4), 861-869. DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100481
6.	Ma, X., Wu, W., Liang, W., Takahashi, Y., Cai, J.^#, Ma, J.-X.^# (2022). Modulation of cGAS-STING signaling by PPARα in a mouse model of ischemia-induced retinopathy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 119(48), e2208934119. PMID: 36409895. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2208934119
7.	Cai, J., Litwin, C., Cheng, R., Ma, J.-X., Chen, Y. (2022). DARPP32, a target of hyperactive mTORC1 in the retinal pigment epithelium. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 119(33), e2207489119. PMID: 35939707. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2207489119
8.	Yang, B., Zhao, W., Yin, C., Bai, Y., Wang, S., Xing, G., Li, F., Bian, J., Aschner, M., Cai, J., Shi, H., Lu, R. (2021). Acute acrylonitrile exposure inhibits endogenous H2S biosynthesis in rat brain and liver: The role of CBS/3-MPST-H2S pathway in its astrocytic toxicity. Toxicology, 451. DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152685
9.	Xu, L., Wang, X., Chen, Y., Soong, L., Chen, Y., Cai, J., Liang, Y., Sun, J. (2021). Metformin Modulates T Cell Function and Alleviates Liver Injury Through Bioenergetic Regulation in Viral Hepatitis. Frontiers in Immunology, 12. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.638575
10.	de Souza, Rodrigo G., Yu, Z., Hernandez, H., Trujillo-Varges, C. M., Lee, A., Mauk, K. E., Cai, J., Alves, M. R., de Paiva, Cintia S. (2021). Modulation of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in the Aged Lacrimal Gland. American Journal of Pathology, 191(2), 294-308. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.10.013
11.	Liu, T., Gao, Q., Yang, B., Yin, C., Chang, J., Qian, H., Xing, G., Wang, S., Li, F., Zhang, Y., Chen, D., Cai, J., Shi, H., Aschner, M., Appiah-Kubi, K., He, D., Lu, R. (2020). Differential susceptibility of PC12 and BRL cells and the regulatory role of HIF-1 alpha signaling pathway in response to acute methylmercury exposure under normoxia. Toxicology Letters, 331, 82-91. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.05.023
12.	Morris, D. R., Bounds, S. E., Liu, H., Ding, W.-Q., Chen, Y., Liu, Y., Cai, J.^# (2020). Exosomal MiRNA Transfer between Retinal Microglia and RPE. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21*(10). DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103541
13.	Liang, Y., Yi, P., Ru, W., Jie, Z., Wang, H., Ghanayem, T., Wang, X., Alamer, E., Liu, J., Hu, H., Soong, L., Cai, J., Sun, J. (2020). IL-22 hinders antiviral T cell responses and exacerbates ZIKV encephalitis in immunocompetent neonatal mice. Journal of Neuroinflammation, 17(1). DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01928-9
14.	Go, Y.-M., Zhang, J., Fernandes, J., Litwin, C., Chen, R., Wensel, T. G., Jones, D. P., Cai, J., Chen, Y. (2020). MTOR-initiated metabolic switch and degeneration in the retinal pigment epithelium. FASEB Journal, 34(9), 12502-12520. DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000612R
15.	Trent, B., Liang, Y., Xing, Y., Esqueda, M., Wei, Y., Cho, N.-H., Kim, H.-I., Kim, Y.-S., Shelite, T. R., Cai, J., Sun, J., Bouyer, D. H., Liu, J., Soong, L. (2020). Polarized lung inflammation and Tie2/angiopoietin-mediated endothelial dysfunction during severe Orientia tsutsugamushi infection. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 14(3). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007675
16.	Yang, B., Yin, C., Zhou, Y., Wang, Q., Jiang, Y., Bai, Y., Qian, H., Xing, G., Wang, S., Li, F., Feng, Y., Zhang, Y., Cai, J., Aschner, M., Lu, R. (2019). Curcumin protects against methylmercury-induced cytotoxicity in primary rat astrocytes by activating the Nrf2/ARE pathway independently of PKC delta. Toxicology, 425. DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.152248
17.	Huang, Y., Chen, Y., Shaw, A. M., Goldfine, H., Tian, J., Cai, J.^# (2018). Enhancing TFEB-Mediated Cellular Degradation Pathways by the mTORC1 Inhibitor Quercetin. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2018*. DOI: 10.1155/2018/5073420
18.	Giannos, S. A., Kraft, E. R., Zhao, Z.-Y., Merkley, K. H., Cai, J. (2018). Formulation Stabilization and Disaggregation of Bevacizumab, Ranibizumab and Aflibercept in Dilute Solutions. Pharmaceutical Research, 35(4). DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2368-7
19.	Yu, B., Egbejimi, A., Dharmat, R., Xu, P., Zhao, Z., Long, B., Miao, H., Chen, R., Wensel, T. G., Cai, J., Chen, Y. (2018). Phagocytosed photoreceptor outer segments activate mTORC1 in the retinal pigment epithelium. Science Signaling, 11(532). DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aag3315
20.	Giannos, S. A., Kraft, E. R., Zhao, Z.-Y., Merkley, K. H., Cai, J. (2018). Photokinetic Drug Delivery: Near infrared (NIR) Induced Permeation Enhancement of Bevacizumab, Ranibizumab and Aflibercept through Human Sclera. Pharmaceutical Research, 35(6). DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2392-7
21.	Zhao, Z., Liang, Y., Liu, Y., Xu, P., Flamme-Wiese, M. J., Sun, D., Sun, J., Mullins, R. F., Chen, Y., Cai, J.^# (2017). Choroidal gamma delta T cells in protection against retinal pigment epithelium and retinal injury. FASEB Journal, 31(11), 4903-4916. DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700533R
22.	Chen, J., Liang, Y., Yi, P., Xu, L., Hawkins, H. K., Rossi, S. L., Soong, L., Cai, J., Menon, R., Sun, J. (2017). Outcomes of Congenital Zika Disease Depend on Timing of Infection and Maternal-Fetal Interferon Action. Cell Reports, 21(6), 1588-1599. DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.10.059
23.	Soong, L., Shelite, T. R., Xing, Y., Kodakandla, H., Liang, Y., Trent, B. J., Horton, P., Smith, K. C., Zhao, Z., Sun, J., Bouyer, D. H., Cai, J. (2017). Type 1-skewed neuroinflammation and vascular damage associated with Orientia tsutsugamushi infection in mice. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 11(7). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005765
24.	Zhao, Z., Yang, M., Azar, S. R., Soong, L., Weaver, S. C., Sun, J., Chen, Y., Rossi, S. L., Cai, J.^# (2017). Viral Retinopathy in Experimental Models of Zika Infection. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 58*(10), 4355-4365. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-22016
25.	Jiang, T., Chang, Q., Cai, J., Fan, J., Zhang, X., Xu, G. (2016). Protective Effects of Melatonin on Retinal Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Experimental Diabetic Retinopathy. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2016. DOI: 10.1155/2016/3528274
26.	Fang Yuntao, Guo Chenjia, Zhang Panpan, Zhao Wenjun, Wang Suhua, Xing Guangwei, Shi Haifeng, Lu Jian, Peng Wanxin, Feng Yun, Cai, J., Aschner, M., Lu Rongzhu (2016). Role of autophagy in methylmercury-induced neurotoxicity in rat primary astrocytes. Archives of Toxicology, 90(2), 333-345. DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1425-1
27.	Zhao, Z., Xu, P., Jie, Z., Zuo, Y., Yu, B., Soong, L., Sun, J., Chen, Y., Cai, J.^# (2014). gamma delta T Cells as a Major Source of IL-17 Production During Age-Dependent RPE Degeneration. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 55*(10). DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-15166
28.	Yu, B., Xu, P., Zhao, Z., Cai, J., Sternberg, P., Chen, Y. (2014). Subcellular Distribution and Activity of Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin in Aged Retinal Pigment Epithelium. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 55(12), 8638-8650. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-14758
29.	Han, W., Li, H., Cai, J., Gleaves, L. A., Polosukhin, V. V., Segal, B. H., Yull, F. E., Blackwell, T. S. (2013). NADPH Oxidase Limits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Lung Inflammation and Injury in Mice through Reduction-Oxidation Regulation of NF-kappa B Activity. Journal of Immunology, 190(9), 4786-4794. DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201809
30.	Jiang, T., Chang, Q., Zhao, Z., Yan, S., Wang, L., Cai, J., Xu, G. (2012). Melatonin-Mediated Cytoprotection against Hyperglycemic Injury in Muller Cells. PLOS One, 7(12). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050661
31.	Brantley, Milam A., Jr., Osborn, M. P., Sanders, B. J., Rezaei, K. A., Lu, P., Li, C., Milne, G. L., Cai, J., Sternberg, Paul, Jr. (2012). Plasma Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Genetic Variants in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. American Journal of Ophthalmology, 153(3), 460-467. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2011.08.033
32.	Brantley, Milam A., Jr., Osborn, M. P., Sanders, B. J., Rezaei, K. A., Lu, P., Li, C., Milne, G. L., Cai, J., Sternberg, Paul, Jr. (2012). The Short-term Effects of Antioxidant and Zinc Supplements on Oxidative Stress Biomarker Levels in Plasma: A Pilot Investigation. American Journal of Ophthalmology, 153(6), 1104-1109. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2011.12.010
33.	Zhao, Z., Chen, Y., Wang, J., Sternberg, P., Freeman, M. L., Grossniklaus, H. E., Cai, J.^# (2011). Age-Related Retinopathy in NRF2-Deficient Mice. PLOS One, 6*(4). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019456
34.	Stankowski, J. N., Zeiger, Stephanie L. H., Cohen, E. L., DeFranco, D. B., Cai, J., McLaughlin, B. (2011). C-Terminus of Heat Shock Cognate 70 Interacting Protein Increases Following Stroke and Impairs Survival Against Acute Oxidative Stress. Antioxidiants & Redox Signaling, 14(10), 1787-1801. DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3300
35.	Rezaei, K. A., Toma, H. S., Cai, J., Penn, J. S., Sternberg, P., Kim, S. J. (2011). Reduced Choroidal Neovascular Membrane Formation in Cyclooxygenase-2 Null Mice. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 52(2), 701-707. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.10-6319
36.	Chen, Y., Wang, J., Cai, J., Sternberg, P. (2010). Altered mTOR Signaling in Senescent Retinal Pigment Epithelium. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 51(10), 5314-5319. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.10-5280
37.	Ni, M., Li, X., Yin, Z., Jiang, H., Sidoryk-Wegrzynowicz, M., Milatovic, D., Cai, J., Aschner, M. (2010). Methylmercury Induces Acute Oxidative Stress, Altering Nrf2 Protein Level in Primary Microglial Cells. Toxicological Sciences, 116(2), 590-603. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq126
38.	Wang, L., Jiang, H., Yin, Z., Aschner, M., Cai, J.^# (2009). Methylmercury Toxicity and Nrf2-dependent Detoxification in Astrocytes. Toxicological Sciences, 107(1), 135-143. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfn201
39.	Chen, J., Wang, L., Chen, Y., Sternberg, P., Cai, J.^# (2009). Phosphatidylinositol 3 Kinase Pathway and 4-Hydroxy-2-Nonenal-Induced Oxidative Injury in the RPE. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 50(2), 936-942. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.08-2439
40.	Jiang, S., Moriarty-Craige, S. E., Li, C., Lynn, M. J., Cai, J., Jones, D. P., Sternberg, P. (2008). Associations of plasma-soluble Fas ligand with aging and age-related macular degeneration. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 49(4), 1345-1349. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.07-0308
41.	Chen, Y., Sternberg, P., Cai, J. (2008). Characterization of a Bcl-X-L-interacting protein FKBP8 and its splice variant in human RPE cells. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 49(4), 1721-1727. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.07-1121
42.	Wang, L., Chen, Y., Sternberg, P., Cai, J.^# (2008). Essential roles of the PI3 kinase/Akt pathway in regulating Nrf2-dependent antioxidant functions in the RPE. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 49*(4), 1671-1678. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.07-1099
43.	He, M., Cai, J., Go, Y.-M., Johnson, J. M., Martin, W. D., Hansen, J. M., Jones, D. P. (2008). Identification of thioredoxin-2 as a regulator of the mitochondrial permeability transition. Toxicological Sciences, 105(1), 44-50. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfn116
44.	Chen, Y., Go, Y.-M., Pohl, J., Reed, M., Cai, J., Jones, D. P. (2008). Increased mitochondrial thioredoxin 2 potentiates N-ethylmaleimide-induced cytotoxicity. Chemcial Research in Toxicology, 21(6), 1205-1210. DOI: 10.1021/tx800012p
45.	Rezaei, K. A., Chen, Y., Cai, J., Sternberg, P. (2008). Modulation of Nrf2-dependent antioxidant functions in the RPE by Zip2, a zinc transporter protein. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 49*(4), 1665-1670. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.07-0959
46.	Jiang, George C. -T., Tidwell, K., McLaughlin, B. A., Cai, J., Gupta, R. C., Milatovic, D., Nass, R., Aschner, M. (2007). Neurotoxic potential of depleted uranium – Effects in primary cortical neuron cultures and in Caenorhabditis elegans. Toxicological Sciences, 99(2), 553-565. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfm171
47.	Ha, K.-N., Chen, Y., Cai, J., Sternberg, Paul, Jr. (2006). Increased glutathione synthesis through an ARE-Nrf2-dependent pathway by zinc in the RPE: Implication for protection against oxidative stress. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 47*(6), 2709-2715. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.05-1322
48.	Chen, Y., Cai, J., Jones, D. P. (2006). Mitochondrial thioredoxin in regulation of oxidant-induced cell death. FEBS Letters, 580(28-29), 6596-6602. DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.11.007
49.	Cai, J., Kirlin, W. G., Chen, Y., Yan, X., Jones, D. P., Sartorelli, A. C.* (2006). Overexpression of heat shock factor 1 inhibits butyrate-induced differentiation in colon cancer cells. Cell Stress & Chaperones, 11(3), 199-207.
50.	Chen, Y., Yu, M., Jones, D. P., Greenamyre, J. T., Cai, J. (2006). Protection against oxidant-induced apoptosis by mitochondrial thioredoxin in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 216(2), 256-262. DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2006.05.006
51.	Adams, B. K., Cai, J., Armstrong, J., Herold, M., Lu, Y. J., Sun, A., Snyder, J. P., Liotta, D. C., Jones, D. P., Shoji, M. (2005). EF24, a novel synthetic curcumin analog, induces apoptosis in cancer cells via a redox-dependent mechanism. Anti-Cancer Drugs, 16(3), 263-75. PMID: 15711178. DOI: 10.1097/00001813-200503000-00005
52.	Jiang, S., Moriarty-Craige, S. E., Orr, M., Cai, J., Sternberg, Jr, P., Jones, D. P. (2005). Oxidant-induced apoptosis in human retinal pigment epithelial cells: dependence on extracellular redox state. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 46(3), 1054-61. PMID: 15728565. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.04-0949
53.	Kokoszka, J. E., Waymire, K. G., Levy, S. E., Sligh, J. E., Cai, J., Jones, D. P., MacGregor, G. R., Wallace, D. C. (2004). The ADP/ATP translocator is not essential for the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Nature, 427(6973), 461-5. PMID: 14749836. DOI: 10.1038/nature02229
54.	Cai, J., Chen, Y., Seth, S., Furukawa, S., Compans, R. W., Jones, D. P.* (2003). Inhibition of influenza infection by glutathione. Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 34(7), 928-36. PMID: 12654482. DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(03)00023-6
55.	Nelson, K. C., Armstrong, J. S., Moriarty, S., Cai, J., Wu, M. W., Sternberg, Jr, P., Jones, D. P. (2002). Protection of retinal pigment epithelial cells from oxidative damage by oltipraz, a cancer chemopreventive agent. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 43(11), 3550-4. PMID: 12407167.
56.	Chen, Y., Cai, J., Murphy, T. J., Jones, D. P. (2002). Overexpressed human mitochondrial thioredoxin confers resistance to oxidant-induced apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cells. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 277(36), 33242-8. PMID: 12032145. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M202026200
57.	Chen, Y., Cai, J., Anders, M. W., Stevens, J. L., Jones, D. P. (2001). Role of mitochondrial dysfunction in S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-l-cysteine-induced apoptosis. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 170(3), 172-80. PMID: 11162782. DOI: 10.1006/taap.2000.9107
58.	Cai, J., Wallace, D. C., Zhivotovsky, B., Jones, D. P.* (2000). Separation of cytochrome c-dependent caspase activation from thiol-disulfide redox change in cells lacking mitochondrial DNA. Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 29(3-4), 334-42. PMID: 11035262. DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(00)00312-9
59.	Cai, J., Nelson, K. C., Wu, M., Sternberg, Jr, P., Jones, D. P.* (2000). Oxidative damage and protection of the RPE. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, 19(2), 205-21. PMID: 10674708. DOI: 10.1016/s1350-9462(99)00009-9
60.	Jones, D. P., Carlson, J. L., Mody, V. C., Cai, J., Lynn, M. J., Sternberg, P. (2000). Redox state of glutathione in human plasma. Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 28(4), 625-35. PMID: 10719244. DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(99)00275-0
61.	Watson, W. H., Cai, J., Jones, D. P. (2000). Diet and apoptosis. Annual Review of Nutrition, 20, 485-505. PMID: 10940343. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.nutr.20.1.485
62.	Kirlin, W. G., Cai, J., Thompson, S. A., Diaz, D., Kavanagh, T. J., Jones, D. P. (1999). Glutathione redox potential in response to differentiation and enzyme inducers. Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 27(11-12), 1208-18. PMID: 10641713. DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(99)00145-8
63.	Jiang, S., Cai, J., Wallace, D. C., Jones, D. P. (1999). Cytochrome c-mediated apoptosis in cells lacking mitochondrial DNA. Signaling pathway involving release and caspase 3 activation is conserved. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 274(42), 29905-11. PMID: 10514472. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.42.29905
64.	Kirlin, W. G., Cai, J., DeLong, M. J., Patten, E. J., Jones, D. P. (1999). Dietary compounds that induce cancer preventive phase 2 enzymes activate apoptosis at comparable doses in HT29 colon carcinoma cells. The Journal of Nutrition, 129(10), 1827-35. PMID: 10498754. DOI: 10.1093/jn/129.10.1827
65.	Nelson, K. C., Carlson, J. L., Newman, M. L., Sternberg, Jr, P., Jones, D. P., Kavanagh, T. J., Diaz, D., Cai, J., Wu, M. (1999). Effect of dietary inducer dimethylfumarate on glutathione in cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 40(9), 1927-35. PMID: 10440245.
66.	Cai, J., Jones, D. P.* (1999). Mitochondrial redox signaling during apoptosis. Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes, 31(4), 327-34. PMID: 10665523. DOI: 10.1023/a:1005423818280
67.	Samali, A., Cai, J., Zhivotovsky, B., Jones, D. P., Orrenius, S. (1999). Presence of a pre-apoptotic complex of pro-caspase-3, Hsp60 and Hsp10 in the mitochondrial fraction of jurkat cells. The EMBO Journal, 18*(8), 2040-8. PMID: 10205158. DOI: 10.1093/emboj/18.8.2040
68.	Cai, J., Wu, M., Nelson, K. C., Sternberg, Jr, P., Jones, D. P.* (1999). Oxidant-induced apoptosis in cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 40(5), 959-66. PMID: 10102293.
69.	Cai, J., Yang, J., Jones, D. P.* (1998). Mitochondrial control of apoptosis: the role of cytochrome c. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1366(1-2), 139-49. PMID: 9714780. DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(98)00109-1
70.	Cai, J., Jones, D. P.* (1998). Superoxide in apoptosis. Mitochondrial generation triggered by cytochrome c loss. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 273(19), 11401-4. PMID: 9565547. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.19.11401
71.	Yang, J., Liu, X., Bhalla, K., Kim, C. N., Ibrado, A. M., Cai, J., Peng, T. I., Jones, D. P., Wang, X. (1997). Prevention of apoptosis by Bcl-2: release of cytochrome c from mitochondria blocked. Science (New York, N.Y.), 275*(5303), 1129-32. PMID: 9027314. DOI: 10.1126/science.275.5303.1129

Book Chapters

1.	Brentley, M., Osborn, M., Cai, J., Sternberg, P. (2012). Oxidative stress and systemic changes in age-related macular degeneration. Stratton, R., Hauswirth, W., Gardner, T. (eds) Studies on Retinal and Choroidal Disorders. Oxidative Stress in Applied Basic Research and Clinical Practice. Humana Press. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-606-7_18
2.	Chen, Y., Zhao, Z., Sternberg, P., Cai, J.^# (2011). NRF2 and age-related RPE degeneration. Advances in Ophthalmology* (pp. 427-450). InTech. DOI: 10.5772/28167
3.	Cai, J.^# (2002). Oxidative stress and age-related macular degeneration. Oxidative Stress and Aging: advances in basic science, diagnostics and intervention (pp. 987-998). World Scientific. DOI: 10.1142/9789812775733_0056

Published Abstracts

1. Karmoker, J., Bounds, S., Farriester, J., Youngsil, K., Chen, Y., Cai, J. (2021). Ocular phenotype of RORgt promoter-driven AhR knockout mice in response to RPE injury (8th ed., vol. 62). INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE.

2. Chen, Y., Litwin, C., Youngsil, K., Cai, J. (2021). Roles of RPE mTOR signaling in choroid homeostasis (8th ed., vol. 62). INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE.

3. Bertrand, R. E., Wang, J., Cai, J., Chen, Y., Li, Y., Wang, K., Thangavel, C., Xiong, K., Chen, R. (2019). Investigating the role of Cwc27, a splicing factor, in retinal degeneration (9th ed., vol. 60). Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science.

4. Cai, J., Chen, Y. (2019). Protective Roles of Choroidal gamma delta T Cells in Chronic Models of RPE Degeneration (9th ed., vol. 60). Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science.

5. Soong, L., Trent, B. J., Xing, Y., Wei, Y., Liang, Y., Brehm, T. Y., Cho, N.-H., Cai, J., Bouyer, D. H., Sahni, S., Walker, D. H., Sun, J. (2018). Dysregulated Th1 Immune and Endothelial Responses during Severe Scrub Typhus (1st ed., vol. 200). Journal of Immunology.

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