The thyroid gland resides in the neck as a midline structure above the sternum. It produces a hormone that is released into the bloodstream to regulate metabolism. Thyroid nodules can occur as a mass or lump that is identified in the neck. In many cases, a nodule cannot be easily palpated but may compress the esophagus or trachea, causing trouble with breathing and swallowing. All thyroid nodules should be evaluated by an Otorhinolaryngologist.
Your doctor will review what symptoms are associated with your thyroid nodule and examine your neck. Thyroid ultrasound is usually performed to determine the size, shape, and characteristics of the nodule. Our Head and Neck Surgeons are trained and experienced in office ultrasonography of the thyroid. In cases where the ultrasound characteristics of the thyroid nodule are concerning, a needle biopsy may be performed to provide more information.
The majority of thyroid nodules are benign. In these cases, regularly scheduled office ultrasonography (every six-months or year) can be used to monitor the nodule. This is often overlooked but is important because some benign nodules can grow very large and cause compression of the airway and esophagus.
Malignant tumors of the thyroid gland are treated with surgical removal of the entire thyroid gland as well as lymph nodes in areas of potential spread of the cancer. The thyroid gland lives near nerves that control the voicebox and glands that regulate calcium levels. These structures must be meticulously preserved during surgery. Therefore, it is important to find a surgeon who regularly performs thyroid and neck surgery. The UT-Houston Head and Neck Oncologic Surgeons work alongside Endocrinologists and Radiation Therapists in the comprehensive treatment of thyroid cancer.